https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/issue/feed 2025-02-13T12:03:31+00:00 Chief Editor yasir.khan8892@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p>test</p> https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/131 2025-02-12T09:35:12+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/132 2025-02-12T09:35:14+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/133 2025-02-12T09:35:16+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/134 2025-02-12T09:35:19+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/135 2025-02-12T09:35:21+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/136 2025-02-12T09:35:23+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/137 2025-02-12T09:41:02+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/138 2025-02-12T09:41:23+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/139 2025-02-12T09:41:25+00:00 Mohammed A. Al-Amin editor@eajournals.org

Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation

2014-01-01T04:11:13+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/146 2025-02-13T12:01:51+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/147 2025-02-13T12:01:54+00:00 Mohammed A. Al-Amin editor@eajournals.org

Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation

2014-01-01T04:11:13+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/148 2025-02-13T12:03:29+00:00 F. Zarzoura editor@eajournals.org R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov editor@eajournals.org

Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements.

2013-12-15T07:28:08+00:00 Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/149 2025-02-13T12:03:31+00:00 Mohammed A. Al-Amin editor@eajournals.org

Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation

2014-01-01T04:11:13+00:00 Copyright (c)