https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr <p>test</p> en-US yasir.khan8892@gmail.com (Chief Editor) Wed, 12 Feb 2025 07:37:12 +0000 OJS 3.1.2.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/131 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/131 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/132 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/132 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/133 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/133 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/134 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/134 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/135 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/135 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/136 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/136 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/137 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/137 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/138 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/138 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/139 Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation Mohammed A. Al-Amin Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/139 Wed, 01 Jan 2014 04:11:13 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/146 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/146 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/147 Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation Mohammed A. Al-Amin Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/147 Wed, 01 Jan 2014 04:11:13 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/148 Fast and accurate relative positioning for baselines is possible using dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. In spite of the fact that DGPS technique increased the GNSS accuracy by reducing the errors, it can't remove the orbital error, ionosphere error and troposphere error. This paper outlines the use of accurate relative positioning for processing GPS data (advantages-and disadvantages) and compares the results with relative positioning of the same point using Mecca permanent GPS observation network. The results and analysis of integrated system are presented. In conclusion, using precise ephemeris from International GPS Services ( IGS ) Network with Klobucher ionosphere model with Hopfield or Saastimoinen troposphere model improve the accuracy of DGPS measurements. F. Zarzoura, R. Ehigiator Irughe & B. Mazurov Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/148 Sun, 15 Dec 2013 07:28:08 +0000 https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/149 Nigeria is highly endowed with a lot of biological resources of both plants and animal species. There have been many studies to document these biological resources in terms of quantity and location across the country. There had also been several efforts by the Nigerian government towards the conservation of these resources. However, this effort is not gaining the desired outcome, as the biological resources are constantly at the risk of depletion or even threatened with extinction. It was identified that lack of clear understanding of the ecological utility of these natural resources is the main reason for their abuse. This work is therefore an attempt to bring out the numerous uses and importance of biodiversity to the Nigerian ecosystem. It started with an overview of the biodiversity, then went ahead to review the causes of its depletion, before dwelling on the various utilities of the biodiversity in sustaining the ecosystem integrity of the Nigerian fragile environment. The impact of biodiversity in reversing the process of desertification was explained. Similarly, the role of biodiversity in water conservation, erosion management, soil fertility, food security and domestic energy were explained. The paper is hoped to serve as an advocacy tool for environmental conservation Mohammed A. Al-Amin Copyright (c) https://test.eajournals.org/index.php/bjesr/article/view/149 Wed, 01 Jan 2014 04:11:13 +0000